Mattia (e)k Ursula K. Le Guin(r)en I reietti dell'altro pianeta liburuaren kritika egin du
Fondamentale
5 izar
Uno dei libri più belli che abbia mai letto. Un capolavoro che parla di come una volta fatta la rivoluzione bisogna continuare a farla.
Mass Market Paperback, 400 orrialde
English hizkuntza
1994ko urr. 20a(e)an Eos(e)n argitaratua.
The story takes place on the fictional planet Urras and its moon Anarres (since Anarres is massive enough to hold an atmosphere, this is often described as a double planet system). In order to forestall an anarcho-syndical workers' rebellion, the major Urrasti states gave the revolutionaries the right to live on Anarres, along with a guarantee of non-interference, approximately two hundred years before the events of The Dispossessed.[2] Before this, Anarres had had no permanent settlements apart from some mining.
The protagonist Shevek is a physicist attempting to develop a General Temporal Theory. The physics of the book describes time as having a much deeper, more complex structure than we understand it. It incorporates not only mathematics and physics, but also philosophy and ethics. The meaning of the theories in the book weaves nicely into the plot, not only describing abstract physical concepts, but the ups and downs of the …
The story takes place on the fictional planet Urras and its moon Anarres (since Anarres is massive enough to hold an atmosphere, this is often described as a double planet system). In order to forestall an anarcho-syndical workers' rebellion, the major Urrasti states gave the revolutionaries the right to live on Anarres, along with a guarantee of non-interference, approximately two hundred years before the events of The Dispossessed.[2] Before this, Anarres had had no permanent settlements apart from some mining.
The protagonist Shevek is a physicist attempting to develop a General Temporal Theory. The physics of the book describes time as having a much deeper, more complex structure than we understand it. It incorporates not only mathematics and physics, but also philosophy and ethics. The meaning of the theories in the book weaves nicely into the plot, not only describing abstract physical concepts, but the ups and downs of the characters' lives, and the transformation of the Anarresti society. An oft-quoted saying in the book is "true journey is return." [3].
Anarres is in theory a society without government or coercive authoritarian institutions. Yet in pursuing research that deviates from his society's current consensus understanding, Shevek begins to come up against very real obstacles. Shevek gradually develops an understanding that the revolution which brought his world into being is stagnating, and power structures are beginning to exist where there were none before. He therefore embarks on the risky journey to the original planet, Urras, seeking to open dialog between the worlds and to spread his theories freely outside of Anarres. The novel details his struggles on both Urras and his homeworld of Anarres.
The book also explores the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, that language shapes thinking, and thus, culture. The language spoken on the anarchist planet Anarres, Pravic, is a constructed language that reflects many aspects of the philosophical foundations of utopian anarchism. For instance, the use of the possessive case is strongly discouraged. In one scene, Shevek's daughter, meeting him for the first time, offers him "You can share the handkerchief I use,"[4] rather than "you may borrow my handkerchief", thus conveying the idea that the handkerchief is not owned by the girl, merely carried by her.[5] Cover of first paperback edition
The Dispossessed looks into the mechanisms that may be developed by an anarchist society, but also the dangers of centralization and bureaucracy that might easily take over such society without the continuation of revolutionary ideology. Part of its power is that it gives a spectrum of fairly well-developed characters, who illustrate many types of personalities, all educated in an environment that measures a person not by what he owns, but by what he can do, and how he relates to other human beings. Possibly the best example of this is the character of Takver, the hero's partner, who exemplifies many virtues: loyalty, love of life and living things, perseverance, and desire for a true partnership with another person.
The work is sometimes said to represent one of the few modern revivals of the utopian genre, [6] and there are certainly many characteristics of a utopian novel found in this book. Most obviously, Shevek is an outsider in Urras, following the "traveler" convention common in utopian literature. All of the characters portrayed in the novel have a certain spirituality or intelligence, there are no nondescript characters. It is also true to say that there are aspects of Anarres that are utopian: it is presented as a pure society that adheres to its own theories and ideals, which are starkly juxtaposed with Urras society.
However, the work is subtitled "An Ambiguous Utopia", and one of the major themes of the work is the ambiguity of different notions of utopia. Anarres is not presented as a perfect society, even within the constraints of what might define an anarchist utopia. Bureaucracy, stagnation, and power structures have problematized the revolution, as Shevek understands through the course of the novel. Moreover, Le Guin has painted a very stark picture of the natural and environmental constraints on society. Anarres citizens are forced to contend with a relatively sparse and unfruitful world. Hardship caused by lack of resources is a prominent theme, reflected in the title of the novel. Anarres citizens are dispossessed not just by political choice, but by the very lack of resources to possess. Here, again, Le Guin draws a contrast with the natural wealth of Urras, and the competitive behaviors this fosters. Le Guin's foreword to the novel notes that her anarchism is closely akin to that of Pyotr Kropotkin's, whose Mutual Aid closely assessed the influence of the natural world on competition and cooperation.[7] Le Guin's use of realism in this aspect of the work further problematizes — ambiguates — a simple utopian interpretation of the work. Anarres is not a perfect society, and Le Guin shows that no such thing is possible.
Uno dei libri più belli che abbia mai letto. Un capolavoro che parla di come una volta fatta la rivoluzione bisogna continuare a farla.
[Vecchia recensione esportata da altro sito]
Iniziato entro un gruppo di lettura, lasciato a metà per sospensione del gruppo, ripreso in mano e terminato di volata durante l'estate (con una pausa in corrispondenza del mare), ne è valsa la pena fino all'ultima virgola – perché The Dispossessed potrebbe essere uno dei miei romanzi preferiti di sempre, a prescindere da epoca lingua e genere. Già sapevo dal ciclo di Terramare che zia Ursula è una maestra a rendere affascinanti e tangibili le vite quotidiane di società immaginarie ma plausibili, e a farci empatizzare con le piccole grandi storie di personaggi eminentemente umani per quanto ben lontani dal nostro vissuto (il che è la forma più bella di escapismo: quella che poi ci riporta a casa), ma a questo giro la nostra ha toccato due corde che per me valgono tanto: non solo The Dispossessed è uno racconto antropologico che contrappone una …
[Vecchia recensione esportata da altro sito]
Iniziato entro un gruppo di lettura, lasciato a metà per sospensione del gruppo, ripreso in mano e terminato di volata durante l'estate (con una pausa in corrispondenza del mare), ne è valsa la pena fino all'ultima virgola – perché The Dispossessed potrebbe essere uno dei miei romanzi preferiti di sempre, a prescindere da epoca lingua e genere. Già sapevo dal ciclo di Terramare che zia Ursula è una maestra a rendere affascinanti e tangibili le vite quotidiane di società immaginarie ma plausibili, e a farci empatizzare con le piccole grandi storie di personaggi eminentemente umani per quanto ben lontani dal nostro vissuto (il che è la forma più bella di escapismo: quella che poi ci riporta a casa), ma a questo giro la nostra ha toccato due corde che per me valgono tanto: non solo The Dispossessed è uno racconto antropologico che contrappone una società liberal-capitalista post-scarsità (e in tralice la speculare società comunista autoritaria) a una comunità anarchica libertaria che sopravvive caparbia nella ristrettezza, non solo tanta parte del conflitto verte su come una società orizzontale e federativa può nondimeno ricadere nella gerarchia o comunque nella stagnazione, non solo ci sono scene straordinarie e terribili di vita agraria e di movida accademica – ma in più tutto questo lo esperiamo attraverso la storia di formazione del nostro buon Shevek, che a mio parere di uomo autistico è palesemente un individuo neurodivergente con la classica combinazione di interessi assorbenti + rispetto ingenuo per le regole + penetrante senso critico, e buona parte del suo viaggio personale consiste nel costruirsi una propria comunità stretta come punto di partenza per cambiare in meglio il suo mondo (e poi il suo sistema solare) un passo per volta. È stato straordinario sentirmi così rappresentato in Shevek e Takver che diventano il cuore aggregante della loro famiglia elettiva ad Abbenay, e commuovermi fino alle lacrime per le orazioni di Shevek sul senso della lotta odoniana e la volontà costantemente rinnovata di creare un mondo nuovo e migliore – un elogio dell'anarchia positiva più potente, poetico e toccante di mille manifesti. Certo, ci sono alcune piccole sbavature d'intreccio (o grandi, nel caso di una certa scena violenta nel capitolo otto), ma se ho apprezzato di gusto un grande romanzo antitetico alla mia sensibilità quale Starship Troopers a maggior ragione sarò clemente con un testo così tanto nelle mie corde e mi "limiterò" a problematizzarlo senza fustigarlo – e a recuperare opere che siano in continuità con questo filone.
Grazie di questo capolavoro, zia Ursula; i compagni e le compagne se ne vanno ma restano nei nostri cuori, e le nostre idee continuano a indirizzarci.
Ursula K. Le Guin trata con maestría conceptos tan profundos y filosóficos como qué es la libertad en una sociedad organizada. Se acerca a cómo se organizan las sociedades mediante sus leyes y sistemas económicos. Y, además, te va descubriendo todo esto con una alternancia de capítulos entre una ubicación y otra bastante bien manejada.
Me costó que me enganchase al principio, pero luego me ha encantado. Para mí, a la altura de clásicos como Un Mundo Feliz, me ha hecho reflexionar mucho y me ha marcado.
Gran llibre! És un clàssic que m'havien recomanat molt i que ha complert les expectatives.
Edukiari buruzko abisua Spoliers
I love Ursula but this has been my least liked book of hers so I'm giving 4 stars instead of 5. I enjoyed the heavy intellectual ideas. I enjoyed the romance. I was utterly destroyed that she made this main character who I had thoroughly liked, out of nowhere sexually assault a woman because he experiences alcohol for the first time in his life. The way it's written is really fucking blaming the woman victim character while our main character dude just gets to brush it off and go on with his life as the hero and doesn't even think about this incident for even one goddamn second for the rest of the book. I know Ursula took some serious thoughts about feminism later in life and made some apologies and changes in her writing with the Earthsea series which I thought was wonderful. I really wish she had taken the time to go back and edit or at least write an apology about this. It fucking sucks. The rest of the story is great. This one scene should be deleted. It's fucking horrible. And no it's totally not believable that creating an anarchist communist society would suddenly erase rape and that rape is just an invention of capitalism and greed. Yea no. I can't bite down on that idea at all. The other heavy ideas make sense but only up to a point and then it's just like trying to say capitalism causes humans to rape. Like no fuck you. Rapists are psychopaths. They are the same as murderers. They are born with it in their brain. They cannot feel empathy. They are predators. Society can't make them do it or not do it. They exist in every society through all time. They can't be fixed either. And a man who is absolutely loving to his true love, his little daughters will not just suddenly sexually assault a woman because he got exposed to capitalism and alcohol and "went crazy." Fucking bullshit rape apology sexist bullshit. And then feel absolutely no remorse about it? Cmon!!
The cover blurb for The Dispossessed makes it sound like a thrilling exciting narrative, filled with tension and action:
Shevek, a brilliant physicist, decides to take action. He will seek answers, question the unquestionable, and attempt to tear down the walls of hatred that have isolated his planet of anarchists from the rest of the civilized universe. To do this dangerous task will mean giving up his family and possibly his life—Shevek must make the unprecedented journey to the utopian mother planet, Urras, to challenge the complex structures of life and living, and ignite the fires of change.
But that's not what it is, and it's certainly not Le Guin's focus. This is clear in the way she avoids what might be the more dramatic elements of the story, or distances us from them in how they are portrayed. The story is bookended by two examples of that. The opening …
The cover blurb for The Dispossessed makes it sound like a thrilling exciting narrative, filled with tension and action:
Shevek, a brilliant physicist, decides to take action. He will seek answers, question the unquestionable, and attempt to tear down the walls of hatred that have isolated his planet of anarchists from the rest of the civilized universe. To do this dangerous task will mean giving up his family and possibly his life—Shevek must make the unprecedented journey to the utopian mother planet, Urras, to challenge the complex structures of life and living, and ignite the fires of change.
But that's not what it is, and it's certainly not Le Guin's focus. This is clear in the way she avoids what might be the more dramatic elements of the story, or distances us from them in how they are portrayed. The story is bookended by two examples of that. The opening sees Shevek - although we don't know it's him at this stage - leaving his homeworld and causing quite a bit of upset, seen from the viewpoint of a minor character who never reappears. And the book ends abruptly with no certainty of an outcome.
The capitalist society on the planet Urras that Shevek travels to felt too much like 1950s America rather than some far flung society thousands of years in the future. Other elements of the novel such as Shevek's unfortunate sexual dalliance, the possibility of defecting from the capitalist society to a nearby communist society, and getting caught up in a riot really don't amount to much and the plot as a whole is quite thin.
What I did like about the book was Le Guin's vivid portrayal of a functioning anarchist society on Shevek's homeworld Anarres. And Shevek himself was a likeable character.
The book is more concerned with the question of whether a truly anarchist society can survive, given the generally acquisitive nature of humanity, and during the story there is an indication that even this utopia will fall foul of the general tendency for all systems of government to move towards a hierarchy of control. Shevek struggles against this tendency: "We’ve been saying, more and more often, you must work with the others, you must accept the rule of the majority. But any rule is tyranny. The duty of the individual is to accept no rule, to be the initiator of his own acts, to be responsible. Only if he does so will the society live, and change, and adapt, and survive."
We never know if Shevek achieves what the cover blurb says. There's not much indication that the capitalist society will change because of him, though the anarchist society may survive if they take the example of his life to heart. But with no certainty about how the story ends, all we are left with is a political thought experiment.
Overall, a good book because I enjoy SF and I was mentally stimulated by some of the ideas about social structures. The reason why I give it 3 stars and not 4 is that it seemed to me that the author was trying too hard to describe the philosophy at the cost of the SF aspect.
Le Guin was put the light on the despicable society whom is ours by describing through the eyes of an anarchist.
L'autrice met la lumière sur la méprisable société qui est la notre en décrivant à travers les yeux d'un anarchiste.
Good:
Speculative fiction at its finest.
Great society & world building, shown through a lens of a single life.
Two timelines nicely intertwine & support each other.
The scenes of hardship & revolution resonate deeply.
* Evokes the feeling of classic Sci-Fi without any problematic elements often associated with it.
Bad: ∅
For a depiction of a similar theme check out John Kessel's [b:The Moon and the Other|30753686|The Moon and the Other|John Kessel|https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/books/1491126501l/30753686.SY75.jpg|51302140].
very deep personal relationship with this book
Una visión sobre los pros y contras del anarquismo en clave de ciencia-ficción. El planeta Urras es el ejemplo del capitalismo salvaje y su luna Anarres, cuyos habitantes se independizaron de Urras 160 años antes, es el ejemplo de la sociedad anarquista.